India's geographic location makes it a great trading post
ESPIRT ( interactions and technology )
E
In India the people live with an economy where it was a strong prosperity of trading around the world.
Two major industries- textiles and steel
Highly active traders
Served as the main trading post of the world
An agricultural - based economy similar to China
Traded by sea and first manufactures of textiles, cotton, and cloth, restricted by the geography of the Himalayas
S
Society was divided up by Caste system the Brahman being the highest, merchants, and then the untouchables. The Indian society was based of the caste system where during the Vedic and the Epic Ages people would create relationships between an Aryan conqueror and went against people the Aryan did not like.
Men were dominated in the family similar to China
Women had arrange marriage and had little to no rights
In China merchants were at a lower class than the peasants compared to the Indian society
Social Structure TOP – warriors / government , Kshatriya, priests(Brahmins) MIDDLE – Vaisyas, traders, farmers, Sudra(common workers) who usually work on landowners large estates LOW- untouchables – handling bodies of the dead or hauling trash
Family Structure
patriarchal control (man of the house)
extended close family relationships between grandmothers grandfathers … etc
P
Indian focused on a regionalism country where there are several regions around the civilization.
Large army to control land , heavier depended on armies
Chandragupta Maurya( first dynasty of Indian rules) Autocratic, absolute power, replying on personal and military power
When a religion is conquered the previous ruler would have to rule under India but there would have to be a personal consul in each region
Caste System reflect value of the political system, for example people in the same social class would not marry any one lower or higher
During the Gupta Dynasty local leaders in different regions were allow to rule on their own, similar to feudal system
Basically the people went on without focusing on the values of a political system, but however they follows what the priest interpreted from the Caste System
With the caste system people would follow the rules among their class so there would be somewhat of peace and no need for an actual political power.
I
India's interactions with the world became highly based on trading with the Middle East and the Roman Empire with silk, drugs, gold, and other goods.
India traded with people of the world and mainly traded cotton, textile, cinnamon, elephants, and other goods. Luxury goods make a fortune.
With Indian Trade, people usually traveled by sea for a higher amount of trading than China.
Between China and India, together they developed caravan trade. ( trading in large groups)
By trading with the Middle East and the Roman Empire, trade brought back new goods of pottery, wine, metals, and slaves.
By trading silks, drugs, gold, and other goods it could actually make a person a fortune.
India is the main trade port around the world. People would trade goods through India.
Kushans, new invaders push India from central India to the Northwest
R
Religion in India was mainly focused on Hinduism and Buddhism but Hinduism was more popular among the people. The people of India believe in gods and goddesses that regulate the natural forces but also processes human-like qualities.
Karma was a main belief of Hinduism
The Upanishads believed in reincarnation and that health and wealth were not the most important reason of the human existence
Their religion believed that they could communicate with the mystical beings
Brahman devoted their time to worship/sacrifice animals such as cows and being a vegetarian
Stupas, temples, were built top honor Buddha
Religion contained several gods, making the people polytheistic
Hinduism were open to all classes making it more popular in the lower class
* Gautama Buddha created Buddhism off all the mysticismat the end of the Epic Age
I
Throughout India people became mathematical advanced and improved their way of astronomy.
Calculate the length of the solar year and earth’s circumference from great astronomer Aryabhatta
Plastic surgery and bone setting were being practiced
The discovery of pi, negative numbers and square roots
Predation of eclipse
Promote the language sandskrit but it was all over the place, not popular => cause separation of region
New Epics(poems) . . .
Rig-veda – Aryans Gods
Mahabharate – Real / Mythical battles
Ramayana – Real / Mythical Battles
Upanishads – Mystical religion doings
T
Technology in India became more advance than the other parts of the world such as iron-making and steel. And textiles
The Indians made advancements with iron-making that became far more advance that the rest of the world
Indian had the superior steel at the time
Textile techniques also advanced – cotton cloth, calico, cashmere
Had a very accurate circumference of the world.
Invented the modern word number system and decimals, and negative numbers
light bluerevisions done in class
dark bluerevisions done at home
Paragraph comparing China and India Classical India was more connected with the world compared to China, and because of this India became more advanced than China in metal mining. However their advancements with agricultural society were very similar with each other. Classical India was the entrepot of trading because when people from the Middle East and the Roman Empire came in to trade their goods would have to go through India to trade with China,vise-versa. Trading through India, the country became more open to goods and other countries. China however first only traded on the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a trade route from China to the Middle East Asia to trade silk and other goods to other civilizations like Rome, and Mesopotamia. Together the civilization traded by caravan trade where people in groups would walk/travel to a place to a place to trade. Also with the success of trade both civilizations came up with a money system for an easier way for the economy. With classical India being more open to trading their advancement with metal working high bloomed. That contributed to their advancements in technology and mathematics. Their inventions for agriculture were more advancement compared to other parts of the world. With China being more isolated to the world, their advancement in technology wasn't as high compared to India. The geographic location of India makes sense that it was the entrepot of the time because of its middle location. People could come in and out with a more efficient route than to go straight to China to get goods. In conclusion, India's open mind to trading contribute advancement in technology while China's isolation made it a disadvantage for their advancements.
merchants play a greater role in India compared to China
more sea trade in India
China and India were at the top in Asia
China's expansion - > government and seizing new land
India's expansion -> merchant life in spreading culture
Key Terms
Aryans
Indo-European migrants who were first hunting and herding people that slowly became an agricultural type of people that first began the Vedic Age. The impact of the Aryans led to a civilization with religion, political structure, and social structure.
Ashoka
Ashoka is Chandragupta's grandson from 269 – 232 B.C.E who was a great figure during the Indian history. He first began his ruling by being as governor of two provinces. During his ruling he extended conquests for land and gain control to the southern tip of India.
Believed in Buddhism
Sponsor shrines to support Buddhism
by expanding more land, his way for attacking cause him killing more than one hundred and fifty thousand
enjoy horseback riding and feasting
improve trade and communication for a better road network so when traveling people could have rest stops
Gupta
The new line of kings after the Kushan state beginning of 320 C.E. During the time there would just be a single ruler for the civilization. With no individual rulers in the civilization, it created a greater impact. Their type of ruling to to create allies by marriage this expansion would be less violent.
Caste system
Caste system to the social structure of the people in India. It contains the rules and regulation among the people.
Hinduism
Religion that was highly based on concerns for economy and worldly pleasures. The people believed in Karma and writings great poems on their behavior needed for Hinduism. Hinduism is based of the caste system where people would end up following rules because of their social class.
Sanskirt
The first and scared language to the Indians. It was promoted during the Vedic Age that was mostly popular among the educated.
Upanishads
Upanishads are epic poems on mystically religion factors, created during the Epic Age.
Dharma
Rule of moral punishment, that there some a secret guide that could unite and discipline the different people under ruling.
Buddhism
Buddhism is the religion that was put together by Gautama Buddha. The religion believed in polytheistic gods and created shrines to worship them. The people did not use it based on social structure so it was more popular to people in the lower social class. Also Buddhism has beliefs on reincarnation and nirvana.
karma - what comes around goes around
stupdas - shrines to worship gods
believed in moral consequences when someone did anything wrong
Tamils
Language and ethnic group of people in India. They were the first people to have a classical status.
Chandragupta Maurya
Young solider who took power along the Gandes River and became the first ruler of the Mauryan dynasty in India. Because of his ruling he unified the area and had an autocratic government.
ruling that depended on personal and military power
Gurus
Men who thought people a basic holy essence to their disciples Brahman priest agreed of certain people and this became a popular informal religion. The people were basically a teacher of religious beliefs
Bhagavad Gita
Bhagavad Gita or Gita is a writing for sacred Hindu. Around 700 verses, it has texts about important history and philosophy. meaning- Song of the Lord
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Page 70-71 IN DEPTH (October 7th)
What arguments did the thinkers of the classical civilizations of Greece, China, and India use to explain and justify the great differences in social status and materials wealth?
Some arguments that could be used to explain great differences in social status would be cause the elite and common people had a very distinctive separation that was made very clear to people in China. However in Greece, people were allow to participate in democracy to make use of their talents to free males. In India people were to accept his/her place in life and understand that “it is what it is”.
How did those who belonged to elite groups justify their much greater status,wealth, and how compared to the peasants, artisans, and servants who made up most of the population?
People who belonged to elite group justify their higher status by people are to accept their state in the social structure. That equality is a contradiction that people can't just always have.
Why did people belonging to those subordinate social strata, including oppressed groups such as slaves and untouchables,accept these divisions? People belonging to their social class accept these divisions because they knew that they could not rise to a high class and even if the person would try he/she could be outcast, exiled, and/or punished.
Comparing these modes of social organization with the ideals of your own society, what do you see as the advantages and drawbacks of each.
The advantages of social organization is have the balance of the society. When there are the rich, there are the poor. Because living in a world were everyone is equal is just not possible. However the drawbacks of social organization is that not every would be satisfied. Their unsatisfied goals could lead up to rebellions and protest.
Summary The Indian civilization transitions from a river civilization to living a full on civilization. Being with the Vedic and Epic ages, Indo-Europeans also changes into a more agricultural based life. Indian's economy began with a very little focus of control the people. They ruled in regions with family rules to maintain power. However with the caste system, and people following rules within their social class there was hardly any need for actual political system. Caste system was the social pyramid of the people separated by job with many restrictions among the people.The economy of India is highly based on trade with all the parts of the world. Because of its geographic location, it made India the trading port of the world at the time, where they import cotton, textiles, etc to get gold,slaves, opium, and more. India taking the opportunity to trade with all over their world, contribute to their advancements in iron and steel mining and their advancements in astronomy and mathematics. Social Class became highly important of the people where people were split into their rightful class and obey each rules that were in it, like no marring outside of classes. Religion also became highly popular among the people. There was two religion going around: Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism appealed more to the lower class became it did not go by the caste system. There were times rebellion broke in the religion around 563 B.C.E. Buddhism however was highly popular among the people where they built stupas,shrines to honor God who regulate natural forces and also possess human like qualities. The people would believe in reincarnation where after they die, people could live another life. As a civilization, the people of India influenced other countries with their way of living.
caste system, the priests were at the top. The people help controlled the people of the civilization
Aryans -> Mauryan Empire -> Kushan state -> Guptas
ESPIRT ( interactions and technology )
The Indian society was based of the caste system where during the Vedic and the Epic Ages people would create relationships between an Aryan conqueror and went against people the Aryan did not like.
- Men were dominated in the family similar to China
- Women had arrange marriage and had little to no rights
- In China merchants were at a lower class than the peasants compared to the Indian society
Social StructureTOP – warriors / government , Kshatriya, priests(Brahmins)
MIDDLE – Vaisyas, traders, farmers, Sudra(common workers) who usually work on landowners large estates
LOW- untouchables – handling bodies of the dead or hauling trash
Family Structure
The people of India believe in gods and goddesses that regulate the natural forces but also processes human-like qualities.
- Karma was a main belief of Hinduism
- The Upanishads believed in reincarnation and that health and wealth were not the most important reason of the human existence
- Their religion believed that they could communicate with the mystical beings
- Brahman devoted their time to worship/sacrifice animals such as cows and being a vegetarian
- Stupas, temples, were built top honor Buddha
- Religion contained several gods, making the people polytheistic
- Hinduism were open to all classes making it more popular in the lower class
* Gautama Buddha created Buddhism off all the mysticism at the end of the Epic Age- Calculate the length of the solar year and earth’s circumference from great astronomer Aryabhatta
- Plastic surgery and bone setting were being practiced
- The discovery of pi, negative numbers and square roots
- Predation of eclipse
- Promote the language sandskrit but it was all over the place, not popular => cause separation of region
New Epics(poems) . . .- light blue revisions done in class
- dark blue revisions done at home
Paragraph comparing China and IndiaClassical India was more connected with the world compared to China, and because of this India became more advanced than China in metal mining. However their advancements with agricultural society were very similar with each other. Classical India was the entrepot of trading because when people from the Middle East and the Roman Empire came in to trade their goods would have to go through India to trade with China,vise-versa. Trading through India, the country became more open to goods and other countries. China however first only traded on the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a trade route from China to the Middle East Asia to trade silk and other goods to other civilizations like Rome, and Mesopotamia. Together the civilization traded by caravan trade where people in groups would walk/travel to a place to a place to trade. Also with the success of trade both civilizations came up with a money system for an easier way for the economy. With classical India being more open to trading their advancement with metal working high bloomed. That contributed to their advancements in technology and mathematics. Their inventions for agriculture were more advancement compared to other parts of the world. With China being more isolated to the world, their advancement in technology wasn't as high compared to India. The geographic location of India makes sense that it was the entrepot of the time because of its middle location. People could come in and out with a more efficient route than to go straight to China to get goods. In conclusion, India's open mind to trading contribute advancement in technology while China's isolation made it a disadvantage for their advancements.
- merchants play a greater role in India compared to China
- more sea trade in India
- China and India were at the top in Asia
- China's expansion - > government and seizing new land
- India's expansion -> merchant life in spreading culture
Key Termsmeaning- Song of the Lord
Page 70-71 IN DEPTH (October 7th)
What arguments did the thinkers of the classical civilizations of Greece, China, and India use to explain and justify the great differences in social status and materials wealth?
Some arguments that could be used to explain great differences in social status would be cause the elite and common people had a very distinctive separation that was made very clear to people in China. However in Greece, people were allow to participate in democracy to make use of their talents to free males. In India people were to accept his/her place in life and understand that “it is what it is”.
How did those who belonged to elite groups justify their much greater status,wealth, and how compared to the peasants, artisans, and servants who made up most of the population?
People who belonged to elite group justify their higher status by people are to accept their state in the social structure. That equality is a contradiction that people can't just always have.
Why did people belonging to those subordinate social strata, including oppressed groups such as slaves and untouchables,accept these divisions?
People belonging to their social class accept these divisions because they knew that they could not rise to a high class and even if the person would try he/she could be outcast, exiled, and/or punished.
Comparing these modes of social organization with the ideals of your own society, what do you see as the advantages and drawbacks of each.
The advantages of social organization is have the balance of the society. When there are the rich, there are the poor. Because living in a world were everyone is equal is just not possible. However the drawbacks of social organization is that not every would be satisfied. Their unsatisfied goals could lead up to rebellions and protest.
Summary
The Indian civilization transitions from a river civilization to living a full on civilization. Being with the Vedic and Epic ages, Indo-Europeans also changes into a more agricultural based life. Indian's economy began with a very little focus of control the people. They ruled in regions with family rules to maintain power. However with the caste system, and people following rules within their social class there was hardly any need for actual political system. Caste system was the social pyramid of the people separated by job with many restrictions among the people.The economy of India is highly based on trade with all the parts of the world. Because of its geographic location, it made India the trading port of the world at the time, where they import cotton, textiles, etc to get gold,slaves, opium, and more. India taking the opportunity to trade with all over their world, contribute to their advancements in iron and steel mining and their advancements in astronomy and mathematics. Social Class became highly important of the people where people were split into their rightful class and obey each rules that were in it, like no marring outside of classes. Religion also became highly popular among the people. There was two religion going around: Hinduism and Buddhism. Hinduism appealed more to the lower class became it did not go by the caste system. There were times rebellion broke in the religion around 563 B.C.E. Buddhism however was highly popular among the people where they built stupas,shrines to honor God who regulate natural forces and also possess human like qualities. The people would believe in reincarnation where after they die, people could live another life. As a civilization, the people of India influenced other countries with their way of living.